Charles Babbage is largely considered the father of the modern computer, He invented the difference engine, which was designed to do mathematical calculations, as well as designing the analytical engine whose principles are the basis for the essentials found in all modern computors. He was an English polymath, which is an individual who has knowledge spanning multiple subjects and is able to draw upon this wide berth of knowledge to solve complex topics by combining it all. He studied at the University of Cambridge where he met and befriended John Herschle and George Peacock He coined what is now called the Babbage principle which pointed out the commercial advantages with a more careful division of labour. https://www.dpma.de/english/our_office/publications/mile stones/computerpioneers/babbage/index.html
She coined the term “software engineering” so as to separate it from hardware and other kinds of engineering. She studied mathematics at the university of Michigan before transferring to Earlham College She designed the failsafe's for the computer used in the Apollo 11 landing, which helped allow the astronauts to still land upon the moon even when the computer had been overloaded with commands, as well as working on other parts of the software used for the Apollo missions. She cofounded the company Higher Order Software to further develop the ideas of error prevention that came from her experiences during the Apollo program
Grace Hopper was a computer pioneer, naval officer, and programmer. She is known for her trailblazing contributions to computer programming and software development. She graduated from Vassar College in 1928, with degrees in mathematics and physics, as well as getting her masters and Ph.D. in mathematics from Yale. One of her minor contributions was when she proposed the idea of writing programs in words, rather than symbols, hence creating the FLOW- MATIC. A major contribution of hers was designing the COBOL, which became the “most extensively used computer language” in the world by the 1970s Sources: https://president.yale.edu/biography-grace-murray- hopper https://www.chron.com/technology/heavy/article/grac e-hopper https://news.yale.edu/2017/02/10/grace-murray- hopper-1906-1992-legacy-innovation-and-service